What specific technologies do I use (and learn) for the "M", the "V", and the "C" in a JavaScript framework?

[RayDeanTech]

I want to deploy a proof-of-concept MVC type framework for my boss man, that would bring us into the modern age of JSON.... but I don't have a full understanding of webapp frameworks. We're a windows environment with the following available technologies: MS SQL, IIS/.NET, Apache/Tomcat, JavaScript, jQuery, HTML, CSS, Bootstrap).

"M", model

Is this where I would use Node.js? Like, this is my webservice or API, right? I assume I would configure Node.js as a webservice, with its built-in HTTP web server, and then install the MSSQL package to connect to SQL? I want to be able to directly execute SQL stored procedures, and get data back as JSON.

What are all the alternatives? ASP.net Entity Framework?

When I worked with ColdFusion, all I had to do was "attach a database", and I was done.

"V" view, and "C" control

This is React, Vue, and Angular, right? These frameworks would "host" the webpage frontend, and consume the Node.js webservice I build above, yes? I need to be able to deploy web pages faster and more efficiently! Right now, I feel like I'm writing code into multiple locations -- the HTML, the JavaScript, and the corresponding actions in the SQL stored procedures. It's tedious. There's got to be a better way! If I could direct-execute a Stored Procedure, and get the data straight-up as a JSON object, half of my troubles would be solved.

Thank you for any insight.